Galileo, perhaps more than any other single person. [fact]
Galileo, perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science. His renowned conflict with the Catholic Church was central to his philosophy, for Galileo was one of the first to argue that man could hope to understand how the world works, and, moreover, that we could do this by observing the real world.
Hawking, Stephen, A Brief History of Time, loc. 349