6. Ibid., p. 127. 7. Hiläl, Al-raqïq fï misr fi-l-qarn al-täsi ashr, p. 278. 8. Ibid., p. 128. 9. Al-Aqad, "Muhammad Imäm al-Abd," p. 111. 10. Hiläl, Al-raqïq fï misr fi-l-qarn al-täsi ashr, p. 281. 11. Al-Aqad, "Muhammad Imäm al-Abd," p. 111. 12. Hiläl, Al-raqïq fï misr fi-l-qarn al-täsi ashr, p. 280. 13. Ibid., p. 112. 14. Al-Rafii, Thawra al-sana 1919, pp. 73–75. 15. Ibid., p. 76. 16. Berque, Egypt, pp. 306–7. 17. Sharawï, Harem Years, pp. 113–20. 18. Shafïk, Hawliyät Misr al-siyäsiya, Tamhid, pp. 247–49. 19. Sabry, La Revolution égyptienne, p. 23. 20. Since the first, deeply enthusiastic, accounts of the 1919 revolution writ- ten by the historian and eyewitness Muhammad Sabry in its immediate after- math, the uprising has undergone many different interpretations within Egyptian historiography. Abd al-Rahman al-Rafii's Thawra al-sana 1919, a classic and detailed account, was first published during the twilight of King Farouq's reign; its second printing followed Gamal Abd al-Nasr's establishment of an independent government by three years.Al-Rafii's book went far in keep- ing the legend of Sad Zaghlül untarnished (and unexplored). While a strong belief in the nationalist movement continues among Egyptian historians, the idea of the events of 1919 having formed a "revolution" is currently in question, as evidenced by the 1992 conference on 1919, held at the American University in Cairo and sponsored jointly by that school and Cairo University.

Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Coloni…, loc. 1182