Fawzï refers to them as the "occupying army" [(jaysh al-ihtiläl]. This term further dis- tances Fawzï from a government in which he had no faith and to which he felt little loyalty. Clearly, without Gordon's interceding letter, the khedive would never have reinstated Fawzï Pasha in the army, and without Gordon, Fawzï Pasha would have had no status. On the other hand, Fawzï resented the British army as an occupying force even as he traveled with one of the highest ranking British officers in Egypt. His text thus shows that Fawzï Pasha lived these years on the brink, his loyalties and allegiances so divided and confused that he could spend months in jail, unrepentant over his protest against Tawfïq's capitulations to the British administrators in the occupying government, yet sail off to the Sudan with Gordon, grateful to return to a land that, in his firm opinion, required civilizing.

Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Coloni…, loc. 598