Kämil’s equation of fanaticism with barbarism also bore racial ramifica- tions.These were made more explicit in a book inspired by Kämil’s work that was published anonymously in 1898 by “one of Egypt’s men of letters.”The author actually blamed the British for sowing seeds of racial discord between the black Sudanese and the white Egyptians, yet he was careful to name those tribes who had good Muslim customs and those with whom no contact was possible due to their uncivilized, un-Islamic behavior. His descriptions of Egyptian colonial life in Khartoum and Berber portray Egyptians as aloof from Sudanese culture, living in an exclusive enclave and behaving very much like British colonialists

Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Coloni…, loc. 750