In medieval society, these represent the peasants brutally conscripted. [fact]
One of the puzzles of the Lewis Chessmen is that there are lots of major pieces and very few pawns. … The pawns are the only pieces that aren’t human; they’re simply small ivory slabs that stand upright like gravestones. … In medieval society, these represent the peasants brutally conscripted on to the battlefield.
Neil MacGregor, A History of the World in 1…, loc. 962