R. Marchal, 'The Somali Private Sector', who has contributed valuable reports on what he calls (with misgivings) the 'business class' in mid-1990s Mogadishu, has unfortunately not published detailed sociological case histories illustrative of warlord careers which could throw light on the questions posed here.

I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Som…, loc. 933