It will be noted that many of the nationalist intellectuals (like Ben Khedda, president of the provisional Algerian government in 1962, who was also a pharmacist) were doctors, pharmacists or lawyers — professions where Muslims generally encountered the least barriers to advancement.

XREF: Connects to broader patterns of anti-colonial leadership emerging from educated professional classes across North Africa and the Global South.

Horne, Alistair, A Savage War of Peace- Alge…, loc. 130