Almost alone among the grands colons to remain in Algeria after independence, Jacques Chevallier, the liberal ex-mayor of Algiers, became vice-president of the Algiers Chamber of Commerce from 1963 to 1966, greatly respected by the Algerians and a token that, had they been genuinely prepared to co-operate and share responsibility with the Muslims, some future for the Europeans could have existed.

QUESTION: Chevallier's case suggests a counterfactual — was genuine cooperation truly viable, or was post-independence departure inevitable given the war's bitterness?

Horne, Alistair, A Savage War of Peace- Alge…, loc. 1672