These political machinations led to the election of Jama Abdillahi Qalib, from Berbera (Egal’s hometown), as Speaker of parliament. Jama’s election derailed Egal’s am- bition of becoming prime minister. … This meant that party lines had disappeared and most MPs sup- ported whomever they wished, regardless of political affiliation. Such develop- ment signaled instability in the political process, marked the absence of party discipline, and had far-reaching implications for the country.

Abdi Ismail Samatar, Africa’s First Democrats, loc. 509