In 1991, with the exception of Burkina Faso and Chad, all the countries of the CFA franc zone registered a foreign debt exceeding 100 per cent of GDP: over 600 per cent in Equatorial Guinea and Congo, more than 300 per cent in the Ivory Coast, over 200 per cent in Gabon, Mali and Cameroon.

Fanny Pigeaud_ Ndongo Samba Sylla, Africa's Last Colonial Curr…, loc. 206