Specifically, it is concerned with the question of whether discrepancies arose as a result of misreadings of the law by government officials, scribes or bureaucrats, whether they were caused by internal contradictions in the letter of the law itself that could only (or more easily) be detected on implementation, or whether they were the result of resistance by those on whom the law was applied.

DEFINE: Frameworks the analytical question distinguishing misreading, internal contradiction, and resistance as separate origins of implementation gaps.

Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed…, loc. 115