In this way one of the earliest, most ambitious development plans outside Europe came to a dramatic end. After being one of the first countries to promote industrialization outside Europe in a manner that "partly prefigured the models of state-induced growth championed by Japan and Czarist Russia during the latter half of the 19th century," Egypt was reduced to something like a mere colony of the British Empire. Not before another century had passed would Egypt witness any establishments of the size of those founded by Mehmed Ali.

Pays off: "Loss of trade protection forced Egypt into colonial dependency."

Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed…, loc. 79