Not only were they badly treated by their officers, but they also soon realized that even in law they were discriminated against. Ibrahim might have been against the degrading treatment of the soldiers by their officers, but he was even stricter about the principle that no officers were to be punished by being beaten in front of the men: only soldiers were to be punished that way. The soldiers were also much less regularly paid than their officers. Moreover, the difference in pay between their salaries and that of their senior officers was phenomenal: the ratio of the soldier's salary to that of a colonel in the Sultan's army was 1:60; in the Egyptian army it was over 1:500.

XREF: Builds on earlier highlights about officer-soldier class conflict (loc 118) and ethnic divides (loc 1328-1330). QUESTION: The 1:500 ratio versus 1:60 is striking — what drove such an extreme divergence? Builds on: "Armies mirror their society's class structure internally."

Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed…, loc. 1339