In dealing with homosexual violations in the army the authorities never resorted to the spectacular way of castrating the offender that was suggested in the Old Ottoman Criminal Code. To deal with these and other violations the authorities had recourse to a different kind of power, and to a different set of tools by which they attempted to control and manipulate the body of the conscript in a subtle, more cynical manner. By viewing transgressors not as individuals who were to be spectacularly punished, banned or exiled from public space but as subjects to be studied, understood and ultimately cured, the authorities managed to transform the body of the offender from one on which punishment was exhibited to one that became the domain of scholarly, professional concern, and around which disciplines and discourses were produced.

XREF: Directly extends the Foucaultian disciplinary-power thread traced in loc 728 and loc 731, showing how spectacular punishment was replaced by scholarly intervention. Builds on: "Disciplinary power shifted concern toward disease, cost, and productivity."

Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed…, loc. 732