It was a most curious situation; a hundred Egyptian students from al-Azhar who knew only Arabic and who had never received any training but in Arabic grammar, Koranic Exegesis, Fikh, etc. gathered together in order to be trained in medical and scientific subjects of which they had not the slightest idea by a number of European teachers who did not know the language of their students and who themselves were not homogenous [four being French, three Italians, a Spaniard], a Piedmontese and . . . a Bavarian.

XREF: Builds on the bilingual medical education theme at loc 1086 and 1124. Builds on: "Syphilis detection demanded weekly intrusive examinations of soldiers' bodies."

Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed…, loc. 1125