Jamal Awil

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Failed Egyptian village shaykhs faced whipping and eventually hanging. [causal]

Article 36 of Qānūn al-Filāḥa which was passed in early 1830 stipulated that any such shaykh, if found guilty, would receive 200 stripes of the whip (kurbāj). … Article 118 of al-Qānūn al-Muntakhab passed in February 1844 stipulated that the village shaykhs should search for the fugitives in their villages and instead of catching them themselves, as the earlier law had stipulated, they were now asked to report to the mudīr of the district. If four days had passed since the fugitive had left his village without being found, and if during that time the shaykh failed to report him, the shaykh would then be considered an accomplice of the fugitive, and in this case he would be hanged.

XREF: Relates to the reading on how state violence and coercive control operated through peripheral intermediaries like village shaykhs (loc 108), and to monopolized violence in state formation (loc 119). QUESTION: The escalating penalty from 200 lashes to hanging for the same offense suggests state policy hardening between 1830 and 1844 — worth tracing why the punishment escalated. Builds on: "Peripheral intermediaries enabled communication between Egypt's colonizers and colonized."

Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed…, loc. 410