European nation-states came into being not only through the spread of nationalist feelings and sentiments but also through the states' monopoly of means of violence and their amassing of administrative and military measures that enabled them to extend their authority and control over remote regions in a permanent and stable manner.

XREF: Connects to earlier claims about Muhammad Ali's state-building through conscription, monopolies, and centralization — this generalizes the pattern into a theory of European nation-state formation. Builds on: "Conscription and modern state institutions created Muhammad Ali's new army."

Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed…, loc. 119