What was targeted now was the minds of the populace and not their “gazes.” The goal was to “represent” the Pasha in his absence and to use the law as an ever-potent symbol expressing his wish and desire. In this more subtle manifestation of power “the ‘mind’ [is used] as a surface of inscription for power . . .; the submission of bodies [is brought about] through the control of ideas; [and] the analysis of representations as a principle in a politics of bodies [becomes] much more effective than the ritual anatomy of torture and execution.”

Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed…, loc. 690