When the extent of maiming to avoid conscription became known and when it was reported that it was the wives and mothers of the potential conscripts who were assisting them to maim themselves, Mehmed Ali ordered these women to be hanged at village entrances “so as to be an example to others.”

QUESTION: The gendered dimension of resistance is striking — wives and mothers actively helped men maim themselves, suggesting a family-level or communal resistance network beyond individual desertion. Worth exploring how gender channels resistance and punishment. Builds on: "Conscripts universally resisted through desertion and self-inflicted wounds."

Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed…, loc. 677