Scholars and activists like Auston, who are rising to the fore of pressing Muslim American discourses today, consistently remind us that anti-black racism and Islamophobia are hardly operating on separate tracks. They are intimately fused, which intensifies the policing and punishment of black Muslim communities during the war on terror and the war on drugs, a similarly amorphous and unconventional campaign that, like the Islamophobic baseline linking Muslim identity to terrorism, conflates blackness with criminality.

XREF: Connects to intersecting-oppression frameworks from intersectionality theory and scholarship on how the war on drugs racializes criminality similar to the war on terror's racialization of Muslims.

Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Unde…, loc. 453