CVE policing in a setting like Dearborn, with its sectarian diversity, would have capitalized on already profuse tensions among Shiites and Sunnis to advance its strategy. For example, Lebanese or Iraqi Shiites would have been sought as informants against Yemeni or Palestinian Sunnis, since radicalization is generally understood and enforced as a Sunni phenomenon.

XREF: Connects to broader critiques of counterterrorism strategy leveraging communal fault lines to produce informants, echoing similar dynamics in colonial intelligence and other surveilled minority communities.

Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Unde…, loc. 405