The “Trump effect,” or Trumpism, may very well prove to be more destructive and lasting than the polarizing president it is named after. And yet, the effect and the movement represented by Trump are not entirely new. They have roots “as far back as Pat Buchanan and Ross Perot’s third-insurgencies in the 1990s” and, as this book highlights, far beyond. Given these deep roots, Islamophobia will remain a fixture in the rhetoric of politicians and a staple of political discourse in the United States for a long time to come—a situation that will become even more violent and intense if the country experiences another terror attack committed by a Muslim actor. This leaves Muslim Americans perpetually one attack away from an explosive rise in private and structural Islamophobia, a fear that all Muslim Americans carry with them and can never fully evade.

XREF: Connects to the pre-Trump roots of Islamophobic rhetoric (Buchanan, Perot) and the argument that Trumpism is not novel.

Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Unde…, loc. 509