Three out of the seven Muslim-majority states listed in the (first) Muslim ban are in Africa. Two of them—Somalia and Sudan—are home to black Muslims. In the same way that Islamophobia intersects with anti-black racism to intensify the targeting of black Muslims living in the United States, the convergence of these two forms of animus was experienced by Somali and Sudanese immigrants impacted by the Muslim ban.

XREF: Connects to intersectionality theory and how overlapping forms of discrimination compound for specific groups.

Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Unde…, loc. 454