In an ironic twist of fate—or more factually, in an act of political tokenism—the very people American courts deemed unfit for naturalized citizenship were used by the state to delegitimize the religious bona fides of the Nation of Islam and its leadership.

XREF: Connects to broader patterns of state co-optation of marginalized groups to police other marginalized communities, echoing themes in surveillance and civil rights history.

Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Unde…, loc. 440