The message from both Bush and Obama to Muslim Americans was clear: there were good Muslims and bad Muslims. The latter were not only the terrorist groups and their agents, such as Al Qaeda and ISIS, but also Muslims and Muslim Americans who might be suspected of sympathizing with these groups. The former were citizens who heeded the call of the war on terror to participate in identifying terrorists and “homegrown radicals,” which not only showcased their patriotism, but also excluded them from suspicion of terror.

Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Unde…, loc. 339