Some exiled planters sought to erase what had happened: in 1806 one of them, exiled in Louisiana, noted as part of his property his "Negroes remaining in Saint-Domingue." Many governments reacted similarly. The refusal of diplomatic relations with Haiti pioneered by Jefferson would last until 1862, when Confederate secession made it possible for the abolitionist senator Charles Sumner to lead the way to opening relations with Haiti.

Dubois, Laurent, Avengers of the New World_ …, loc. 441