For many Pakistan proponents – certainly for its ultimate leader, Muhammad Ali Jinnah – separatism represented less an anti-imperial and anti-Hindu agenda than a political threat to obtain minority concessions from the British-led government and Hindu-dominated Congress Party. Indeed, once the endgame had played out and the sought concessions failed to materialize, Jinnah steered the movement into close alliance with the British during the Second World War in order to best obtain his objectives even as Gandhi and the rest of the Congress leadership sat imprisoned for their wartime efforts to undermine British rule.

XREF: Contrasts Jinnah's separatist strategy with Gandhi's anti-imperial stance, illuminating divergent tactics within India's independence movement.

Peter Gottschalk and Gabriel Greenberg, Common Heritage, Uncommon F…, loc. 80