By culture here I do not simply mean the realm of formal and intentional representations, ideas, aesthetic practices and objects, and interventions. Nor do I mean culture in the purely anthropological sense of the deeply seated codes, norms, performances of self and social institutions germane to the reproduction of social life that are often obscured to those who practise and live by them. I mean both these ideas of culture wrapped up within one another. Culture here refers both to the way we live our lives and reproduce our social surroundings, and to the way we do this through the arts, literature, play, teaching and learning, and an infinite variety of other practices. I understand culture as intimately connected to the way societies and individuals reproduce themselves, though in this approach reproduction does not imply mindless replication. Instead, it implies a complex, conflicted, contestatory, creative and reflexive process.

Max Haiven, Cultures of Financialization, loc. 114