Anti-Muslim hate can come from any group. It can arise anywhere, in any culture, including in people who were formerly thought to be on the right side of history. It can impact people who are ethnically Middle Eastern, but plenty of other ethnicities too. Though many implicated in the hate, certainly, are white supremacists who are themselves white, the horrible narrative of hate, prejudice, and the Great Replacement allows Muslims to come under threat from virtually any direction, anywhere in the world.

Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Gl…, loc. 156