Many people might be further surprised to learn that it was Muslim scholars who invented decimal fractions and trigonometry adapted for modern astronomy and cartography today. It was these mathematical models of the heavens that came from Islamic observatories, which fueled Copernicus's discoveries. And Avicenna's tenth-century Canon of Medicine became the central basis of Western medical study for the next seven hundred years.

XREF: Counter-narrative to Eurocentric history of science; connects to scholarship on Islamic Golden Age contributions to mathematics and astronomy.

XREF: Connects to the broader historical narrative of understated Islamic contributions to Western science, which challenges Eurocentric histories of scientific progress.

Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Gl…, loc. 804