Before the September 11 attacks, Muslims might have been described as a 'model minority' with above average levels of education and income. They were so inconspicuous that they were routinely confused with Latinos. Needless to say, the September 11 attacks changed everything.

XREF: Connects to broader discussions of how a single event can fundamentally reclassify a social group, paralleling other identity shifts studied by the reader.

Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Gl…, loc. 598