It’s worth noting that “The Great Replacement” was also peppered with racist jokes and references to right-wing internet message boards like 8chan. It made references to the Crusades and the Barbary Pirate War—invoking conflicts involving Muslims that are both centuries old and long-settled—just as posts and memes on those message boards often do. Not coincidentally, one of the “heroes” of many 8channers is an infamous Norwegian anti-Muslim terrorist named Anders Breivik, who murdered seventy-seven people in 2011 in Norway’s worst terrorist attack ever. In the Christchurch terrorist’s manuscript, he credits Breivik as an inspiration for his own mass killing spree.

XREF: Connects to the broader pattern of online radicalization and copycat terrorism, relevant to research on extremist echo chambers and the Christchurch manifesto.

XREF: Connects online radicalization discourse to real-world terrorist attacks, pairing with research on algorithmic radicalization and echo chambers.

Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Gl…, loc. 58