According to Kleiner, “Critics of airline passenger profiling have argued that computerized screening programs—such as CAPPS I, CAPPS II, Registered Traveler and the new Secure Flight program—are inherently ‘biased against passengers with connections to areas of the world whose behavior or policies conflict with the interests of the United States—namely the Middle East. As such, critics believe that profiling promotes an unconstitutional categorization of travelers by ethnicity, race, religion or a combination of all three’” (2010: 115). Consequently, Americans who have a Muslim name are vulnerable to profiling because of the overrepresentation of Muslim names on these lists.

XREF: Connects to debates about surveillance, civil liberties, and how security systems encode biases against certain populations.

Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, loc. 165