There is also room to understand that race is not simply about skin tone; culture can also race bodies. Garner and Selod argue, “The process of racialization entails ascribing sets of characteristics viewed as inherent to members of a group because of their physical or cultural traits. These are not limited to skin tone or pigmentation, but include a myriad of attributes including cultural traits such as language, clothing, and religious practices” (2015: 4). This targeting of cultural attributes and practices as racialized markers of difference is especially salient in the case of Muslims in America.

DEFINE: Defines racialization as extending beyond skin tone to include cultural attributes, applied here specifically to American Muslims.

Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, loc. 69