Jamal Awil

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External surveillance leads Muslims to police their own behavior [causal]

Muslim Americans were aware they were being watched in airports and as a result carefully monitored their own actions and dress in these spaces, revealing how Muslims participate in self-surveillance.

XREF: Connects to broader literature on Foucauldian self-surveillance and panopticism, where subjects internalize the watching gaze.

Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, loc. 157