For many Muslim women who wear the hijab, the act of avoiding public spaces when an event occurs, such as a terrorist attack, results in self-imposed house arrest. The fear for their physical welfare limits their mobility in public spaces. Private citizens are able to place boundaries on public spaces through social interactions with Muslim Americans. They accomplish this by creating a hostile and unwelcoming environment.

Builds on: "Racialization denies citizenship privileges by eclipsing individual identity."

Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, loc. 357