I show how Arabs who are Muslim are seen as incompatible culturally with Western values. Arabs have experienced periods of both exclusion and inclusion since they first migrated to the United States. Although immigration laws were once more lenient toward Muslim migrants, the Trump era is likely to become hyperexclusionary toward this group. In a political era that is marked by hypersurveillance and the costly War on Terror, Arabs who are also Muslim continue to move away from whiteness, regardless of their actual skin tone or pigmentation.

QUESTION: How exactly does the racial positioning of Muslim Arabs shift independent of skin tone? Worth probing the mechanisms of this 'moving away from whiteness'.

Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, loc. 89