I avoid making the claim that the South Asian and Arab Muslims I interviewed are on the bottom of the racial hierarchy because they still enjoy many of the economic and social privileges that have been historically denied to African Americans. Referring back to Samuel Jackson's comment at the beginning of this chapter, Muslims are not the new black but are moving closer to the bottom of the racial hierarchy, further away from whiteness.

XREF: Connects to Samuel Jackson's 'new black' comment referenced in the chapter, and echoes broader scholarship on Muslim racial positioning in America.

Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, loc. 475