The Arab Muslim women I interviewed were cognizant of a stark shift, from being able to pass for white to being viewed as a racial other, inciting the gazes of their fellow citizens and surveillance of their bodies. In post-9/11 society, the hijab works in similar ways to skin tone to further distance Muslims from whiteness.

XREF: Connects to broader scholarship on racialization and how markers beyond phenotype (clothing, religious symbols) can trigger racial othering. Builds on: "Airport surveillance targets Muslim men through lists and hijab-wearing women through body searches."

Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, loc. 134