It should be noted that Sikhs have continued to be mislabeled as Muslims since 9/11 and have therefore been consistent targets of Islamophobia. Individuals with darker skin tones may experience anti-Muslim harassment after a terrorist attack or during a politically charged election cycle. In the Politics of Islamophobia: Race, Power and Fantasy, David Tyrer argues this just confirms how Muslims are raced, because the visual religious cues worn by Sikhs are misinterpreted as Muslim.

XREF: Connects to the broader concept of Islamophobia as a racialized phenomenon, similar to Edward Said's orientalism and other work on racialized religion.

Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, loc. 530