Racialization of Muslims is not just a state-led process but one that also occurs through interactions in daily life. Racialized meanings attached to Muslim bodies by the state are politically motivated, such as to get public support for maintaining and investing in a surveillance state or foreign policy like the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan. Private citizens internalize the messages given to them by both the state and the media and then interact with Muslims in ways that reflect their misperceptions of Islam.

Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, loc. 247