What emerges most clearly, though, is that those Muslim figures with the most tenuous hold on America—the undocumented, such as Asma and Inam—and those who suddenly become unemployed and therefore vulnerable—such as Chuck—are always the ones who experience Islamophobia most directly.

XREF: Connects to intersectionality theory, showing how precarity compounds religious discrimination.

Peter Morey, Islamophobia and the Novel, loc. 311