Asad here overlooks a century or more of Marxist criticism, to say nothing of other political schools such as feminism, race studies, and queer theory, which continue to challenge discourses of power in the interpretations they offer. Techniques of reading against the grain, along with that relative autonomy of literary texts that I have been keen to foreground in this study, reveal this argument as cripplingly limited.

XREF: Connects to broader literary criticism traditions — Marxist, feminist, race, queer theory — that practice resistant reading strategies.

Peter Morey, Islamophobia and the Novel, loc. 495