The logic of disciplinary inclusion is pervasive in Detroit’s Arab and Muslim communities. The contradictory messages sent to them during the Jones affair were mild by the standards set during the War on Terror. When, after the 9/11 attacks, federal authorities began to freeze the assets of Muslim charities that sent money overseas, area Muslims localized their almsgiving, building new mosques, renovating old ones, and opening Islamic schools in Detroit, thereby enlarging the infrastructure of American Muslim identity.

DEFINE: Clarifies how the term 'disciplinary inclusion' works in this context — external pressure from the state shapes internal communal behavior and identity-building.

Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ Th…, loc. 683