In sum, this Muslim American was willing to eschew any claims to constitutional rights, to support evangelical Christianity, to buoy white business interests in Africa, to accept white prejudices against blacks, and most importantly, to leave the country. As long as Muslim Americans were willing to behave in this manner, there was no conflict between them and the state. But when Muslim Americans began to agitate for equal rights, to oppose US foreign policy, and to reject racial apartheid, they became downright dangerous.

XREF: Connects to broader frameworks of how minority groups are tolerated by states only when compliant, paralleling dynamics seen with other marginalized communities in US history.

Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ Th…, loc. 374