By rejecting Islam as foreign to American society and the legal system, by justifying military intervention in Muslim majority countries, and by chastising Muslim communities for insisting on their freedom to practice their religion, this form of Islamophobic discourse inscribes Muslim women's bodies with meaning that they have no control over and uses them as pawns or tools, both in a politics of neoconservative imperialism internationally and a political agenda of scapegoating a conveniently targetable minority population and its religion domestically. Neither allows Muslim women any agency unless they are willing to denounce both their religion and their communities and societies.

Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ Th…, loc. 542