These aggressive approaches to managing Muslim American dissent have been accompanied by simultaneous attempts to “reach out” to Muslims. The administrations of both George W. Bush and Barack Obama have hailed Islam as part of America’s religious fabric, using symbolic incorporation to craft Muslim American citizenship as another resource in the prosecution of US interests both at home and abroad.

Builds on: "Muslim Americans were accepted only when subservient to state interests"

Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ Th…, loc. 422