Because these processes have produced massive governmental agencies that are reshaping the relationship between the United States and other nation-states, and between US citizens and their own state, understanding how these processes work is one of the most important social justice issues of our day. Numerous commentators have argued that, if the twentieth century was defined by problems of race and the color line, the twenty-first century will be defined by Islamophobia and the problem of integrating Muslims into modern, democratic societies, both in the West and in the Muslim world.

XREF: Parallels W.E.B. Du Bois's claim that the twentieth century was defined by the color line, the claim this passage explicitly invokes and extends.

Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ Th…, loc. 718