The Muslim with dark skin is one of the consistent images that we find in the history of Muslim monsters. It is sustained by numerous anxieties surrounding Africans and Muslims, including the Moors of Spain and North Africa, and later, the Barbary beasts that populate the North American imaginary.

XREF: Relates to Orientalism and racialized depictions of Muslims across Western literature and political rhetoric.

Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imag…, loc. 161