To be clear, Arabs, Africans, and others are still cast as Muslim monsters after that time, but Turkish creatures join their ranks in high numbers. The anxieties surrounding the Ottomans are displayed in Shakespearean drama, the Turkish tales known collectively as Turcica, and the savory pie called the Turk's Head—a food that represents the consumption of Turkish flesh by a Christian soldier.

XREF: Connects to post-1453 European-Ottoman anxieties, echoing themes of orientalism and demonization of Muslim figures in early modern literature.

Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imag…, loc. 73